KENALI DAN CEGAH PENULARAN HEPATITIS B PADA ANAK!
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https://doi.org/10.20473/aup.1081
Kata Kunci:
Hepatitis B, Anak, Virus Hepatitis B, VHB, Hepatitis B pada anak##submission.synopsis##
Hepatitis B merupakan penyakit yang disebabkan oleh virus hepatitis B yang menimbulkan terjadinya reaksi inflamasi pada hati. Pada banyak negara yang endemis hepatitis B, transmisi perinatal merupakan transmisi yang paling penting dan menyebabkan infeksi hepatitis B kronis. Faktor resiko dari penyakit ini adalah faktor sosioekonomi, serta mekanisme penularan hepatitis B terutama dari ibu ke anak sehingga transmisi dari ibu ke anak tetap menjadi masalah kesehatan global yang penting.
Infeksi hepatitis B dari ibu ke anak memiliki berbagai macam mekanisme. Mekanisme transmisi dibagi menjadi dua yaitu transmisi vertikal dan transmisi horizontal. Mekanisme transmisi vertikal merupakan mekanisme transmisi dari ibu ke anak langsung sedangkan mekanisme transmisi horizontal merupakan transmisi kontak lingkungan ke anak. Transmisi vertikal atau sering disebut transmisi perinatal kemudian diklasifikasikan lagi menjadi tiga kelompok yaitu transmisi prenatal, transmisi natal, dan transmisi postnatal. Studi-studi menyebutkan bahwa penularan inrauterine dapat terjadi apabila ada kebocoran plasenta, infeksi, amniosintesis dan lainnya (kejadian ini sangat jarang terjadi <5% dari Ibu HBsAg positif dan HBeAg positif). Penularan intrapartum adalah yang sering terjadi pada kasus penularan transmisi Ibu dengan hepatitis B. Yang terakhir yaitu penularan postpartum yang merupakan target imunisasi seawal mungkin.
Pencegahan penularan vertical merupakan focus dari pemutusan rantai penularan hepatitis B. Pemberian imunisasi Hepatits B di Indonesia dimulai skrining pada ibu hamil dan pemberian vaksin hepatitis B saat lahir ditambah pemberian HBIg pada bayi yang lahir dari ibu merupakan strategi yang dicanangkan Indonesia. Oleh karena itu, pencegahan yang sistematis perlu dilakukan sejak awal untuk mencegah berkembangnya kerusakan hati akibat hepatitis B.
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BISAC
- MED069000 Medical / Pediatrics
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March 25, 2025
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