Teknik Kultur In Vitro dalam Pemuliaan Tanaman
Keywords:
kultur, in vitro, tumbuhanSynopsis
Teknik kultur in vitro merupakan dasar dari semua bioteknologi tanaman dan merupakan bidang ilmu dasar dan terapan yang menarik dengan ruang lingkup yang luas untuk penelitian lebih lanjut. Teknik kultur in vitro juga merupakan pendekatan terbaik untuk mendemonstrasikan totipotensi sel tumbuhan, dan memanfaatkannya untuk berbagai aplikasi praktis. Teknik kultur in vitro menawarkan teknologi untuk perbaikan tanaman (produksi tanaman haploid dan triploid, fertilisasi in vitro, penyelamatan embrio hibrida, seleksi varian), perbanyakan klonal (mikropropagasi), eliminasi virus (kultur meristem pucuk), konservasi plasma nutfah, produksi fitokimia industri, dan regenerasi tanaman dari sel yang dimanipulasi secara genetik melalui teknologi DNA rekombinan (rekayasa genetika) atau fusi sel (hibridisasi somatik dan sibridisasi). Penelitian yang cukup besar sedang dilakukan untuk memahami fisiologi dan genetika embriogenesis dan organogenesis in vitro menggunakan sistem model, khususnya pada Arabidopsis dan wortel, yang kemungkinan akan meningkatkan efisiensi protokol regenerasi in vitro. Kontribusi terpenting yang diberikan melalui teknik kultur in vitro adalah demonstrasi kapasitas unik sel tanaman untuk meregenerasi menjadi tanaman lengkap melalui organogenesis atau embriogenesis, tanpa memandang sumbernya (akar, daun, batang, bagian bunga, serbuk sari, endosperma) dan telah banyak digunakan untuk studi dasar yang berkaitan dengan fisiologi tanaman (fotosintesis, nutrisi sel tanaman, dan embrio), biokimia, metabolisme seluler, morfogenesis (organogenesis, embriogenesis), fitopatologi (interaksi mikroba tanaman), histologi (sitodiferensiasi), sitologi (siklus sel) dll.
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BISAC
- SCI011000 Science / Life Sciences / Botany
- SCI010000 Science / Biotechnology
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April 1, 2026
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